What is the purpose of Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior (DRO)?

The purpose of Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior (DRO) is to reinforce any other behavior that is not the identified problem behavior within a specified time frame. This approach focuses on encouraging alternative behaviors instead of directly addressing the unwanted behavior. By providing reinforcement when the individual does not engage in the problem behavior for a set period, DRO helps to reduce the frequency of that behavior over time.

For example, if a child is known to engage in disruptive behavior during classroom instruction, the teacher might reinforce the child's ability to stay engaged and quiet for a five-minute interval. If the child succeeds in exhibiting appropriate behavior during that interval, the teacher provides praise or a reward. This technique motivates the individual to demonstrate other behaviors, thereby decreasing the problematic behavior without directly punishing it.

This method is effective because it highlights and strengthens positive behaviors instead of merely focusing on eliminating negative ones. The reinforcement encourages the development of alternative and more appropriate behaviors in a supportive manner.