What is the definition of positive punishment in behavior analysis?

Positive punishment is defined as the introduction of a stimulus following a behavior that decreases the likelihood of that behavior occurring in the future. This means that when an undesired behavior is followed by a stimulus—often something that is deemed unpleasant or aversive—there is a decrease in the frequency of that behavior.

In this context, the correct choice emphasizes that the addition of an aversive consequence serves to reduce the behavior, distinguishing it from other behavioral concepts. For example, if a child touches a hot stove (the behavior) and experiences pain (the added stimulus), the likelihood of them touching the stove again is diminished.

This concept is crucial in behavior analysis because it helps practitioners implement strategies aimed at reducing harmful behaviors by understanding how certain stimuli can be effectively used to promote behavioral change. Understanding positive punishment helps RBTs apply ethical and effective behavior interventions in practice.